Chlamydia trachomatis RNA polymerase major sigma subunit. Sequence and structural comparison of conserved and unique regions with Escherichia coli sigma 70 and Bacillus subtilis sigma 43.

ABSTRACT

We identified and sequenced the gene for the Chlamydia trachomatis RNA polymerase major sigma subunit. The gene encodes a 66,141-dalton protein (sigma 66), intermediate in size between the major sigma subunits of Escherichia coli (sigma 70) and Bacillus subtilis (sigma 43). The C. trachomatis sigma 66 subunit had extensive amino acid homology with the sigma 70 and sigma 43. The sigma subunit regions purportedly involved in core enzyme binding and DNA promoter recognition were also highly conserved, despite the lack of a DNA promoter consensus sequence between E. coli and C. trachomatis promoters and the inability of E. coli holoenzyme to specifically transcribe chlamydial genes. Compared with E. coli sigma 70, there were some major differences in the chlamydial sigma 66 sequence, including a gap of 63 amino acids and an additional 16 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus, which may play some role in modifying the sigma-DNA interaction, such that a promoter sequence unique to C. trachomatis is recognized. Monoclonal antibodies specific for E. coli sigma 70 were used to probe for homologous structures between sigma 70 and sigma 66; only one of seven antibodies bound specifically to sigma 66, suggesting minimal conservation of antigenic sites. The chlamydial sigma 66 was present in elementary bodies and was expressed throughout the developmental cycle, which implied that this gene encodes the major vegetative sigma subunit. Because the ability to study the genetics of C. trachomatis is currently limited, this work provides a tool for more detailed study of chlamydial promoter structure and of coordinate gene expression during the developmental cycle.