[Epicrania fugax: the clinical characteristics of a series of 18 patients]. / Epicrania fugax: características clínicas de una serie de 18 pacientes.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Epicrania fugax is a recently reported condition consisting in brief painful paroxysms that begin in the posterior regions of the brain and irradiate towards the ipsilateral eye, nose or temple. AIMS: To present 18 cases of epicrania fugax from a monographic headache centre in a tertiary hospital and to analyse their demographic and clinical features, as well as the indication and response to prophylactic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 2008, when epicrania fugax was first reported, and March 2011, of a total of 1210 patients who were attended in that service (1.48%), 18 (12 females and 6 males) were diagnosed as suffering from this condition. Six of these cases had been published earlier. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 42.5 ± 17.7 years (range 23-82 years). They presented painful paroxysms that began in the occipital (n = 11; 61.1%), parietal (n = 6; 33.3%) or parieto-occipital (n = 1; 5.6%) regions and irradiated towards the ipsilateral eye (n = 12; 66.6%) or temple (n = 6; 33.3%); the whole process lasted less than 15 seconds. Most of them described the pain as lancinating or stabbing. In 10 cases (55.5%) a pain remained in the area where the paroxysms began, which in 6 cases (33.3%) was limited to a well-defined circular area and met the criteria for classification as nummular headache. In 12 cases (66.6%), prophylactic treatment was used, above all lamotrigine and gabapentin, with varying results. CONCLUSION: Our aim is to back the proposal of epicrania fugax as a new syndrome with a well-defined clinical spectrum. It does not appear to be an exceptional condition and further knowledge about it will probably give rise to the description of new series. Treatment is often necessary and, although further information and experience are needed, gabapentin and lamotrigine both play a promising role.