The lengths birds will go to avoid incest.

Cooperatively breeding species, in which some individuals help others to rear their offspring, face a high risk of inbreeding because of close relatedness within social groups. Many species circumvent this problem via sex-biased dispersal, in which one sex is more likely to disperse (and to disperse further), while the other stays and helps. In the absence of sex-biased dispersal, more complex dispersal patterns can arise, based on kin recognition. However, this can also present challenges when dispersal distances are short, leading to clusters of relatives on neighbouring territories. In this issue, Nelson-Flower et al. (2012) break important new ground by unravelling adaptive incest-avoidance mechanisms in a cooperatively breeding bird without sex-biased dispersal. They provide an elegant demonstration of finely tuned dispersal distances together with cognitively based methods for knowing whom to avoid as mates.