Cyclization in opioid peptides.
Curr Drug Targets
; 14(7): 798-816, 2013 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23621510
ABSTRACT
Endogenous opioid peptides have been studied extensively as potential therapeutics for the treatment of pain. The major problems of using natural opioid peptides as drug candidates are their poor receptor specificity, metabolic instability and inability to reach the brain after systemic administration. A lot of synthetic efforts have been made to opioid analogs with improved pharmacological properties. One important structural modification leading to such analogs is cyclization of linear sequences. Intramolecular cyclization has been shown to improve biological properties of various bioactive peptides. Cyclization reduces conformational freedom responsible for the simultaneous activation of two or more receptors, increases metabolic stability and lipophilicity which may result in a longer half-life and easier penetration across biological membranes. This review deals with various strategies that have been employed to synthesize cyclic analogs of opioid peptides. Discussed are such bridging bonds as amide and amine linkages, sulfur-containing bonds, including monosulfide, disulfide and dithioether bridges, bismethylene bonds, monosulfide bridges of lanthionine and, finally, carbonyl and guanidine linkages. Opioid affinities and activities of cyclic analogs are given and compared with linear opioid peptides. Analgesic activities of analogs evaluated in the in vivo pain tests are also discussed.
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dor
/
Peptídeos Opioides
/
Analgésicos Opioides
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Curr Drug Targets
Assunto da revista:
TERAPIA POR MEDICAMENTOS
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Polônia