Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Semin Oncol
; 41(2): 217-34, 2014 Apr.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24787294
ABSTRACT
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is comprised of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and other supporting cells. Genetic changes in the carcinoma cells, such as alterations to TP53, NOTCH1, and specific gene expression profiles, contribute to derangements in cancer and microenvironment cells such as increased ROS, overproduction of cytokines, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAFs are among the most critical elements of the TME contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The adaptive immune response is suppressed in HNSCC through overexpression of cytokines, triggered apoptosis of T cells, and alterations in antigen processing machinery. Overexpression of critical cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), contributes to EMT, immune suppression, and evolution of CAFs. Inflammation and hypoxia are driving forces in angiogenesis and altered metabolism. HNSCC utilizes glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to fuel tumorigenesis via coupled mechanisms between cancer cell regions and cells of the TME. Increased understanding of the TME in HNSCC illustrates that the long-held notion of "condemned mucosa" reflects a process that extends beyond the epithelial cells to the entire tissue comprised of each of these elements.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas
/
Microambiente Tumoral
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Semin Oncol
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de publicação:
EEUU
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ESTADOS UNIDOS
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ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMERICA
/
EUA
/
UNITED STATES
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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US
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USA