Sport-Specific Physiological Adaptations in Highly Trained Endurance Athletes.
Med Sci Sports Exerc
; 47(10): 2150-7, 2015 Oct.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25668407
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE:
This study aims to compare maximal oxygen uptake (VËO2max), blood volume (BV), hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), and brachial endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), in international-level endurance athletes primarily exercising with the whole body (cross-country skiing), lower body (orienteering), or upper body (flatwater kayak).METHODS:
Seventeen cross-country skiers, 15 orienteers, and 11 flatwater kayakers were tested for VËO2max, BV, Hbmass, and FMD. Additionally, body composition and annual training (type, volume, and intensity of training) were analyzed.RESULTS:
Absolute and body-mass-normalized VËO2max values were 11.3% and 9.9% higher, respectively, in skiers (5.83 ± 0.60 L·min and 77.9 ± 4.2 mL·min·kg) compared to orienteers (5.24 ± 0.45 L·min and 70.9 ± 3.5 mL·min·kg) (P < 0.01), whereas kayakers (5.78 ± 0.56 L·min and 73.7 ± 6.3 mL·min·kg) did not differ from skiers. BV was 9.9%-11.8% higher in skiers and orienteers compared to kayakers when normalized for total body mass and fat-free mass, and skiers had 9.2% and 9.9% higher Hbmass normalized for total body mass and fat-free mass compared to kayakers (all P < 0.05). Arterial diameter was 11.8%-15.0% larger in kayakers (4.38 ± 0.63 mm) and skiers (4.22 ± 0.36 mm) compared to orienteers (3.81 ± 0.32 mm) (P < 0.05), whereas FMD did not differ between groups.CONCLUSIONS:
This study indicates that higher VËO2max in cross-country skiers and greater arterial diameters in the arms of skiers and kayakers are sport-specific physiological adaptations to chronic endurance training in whole-body and upper-body exercise modes. However, variations in these variables are not associated with BV or Hbmass.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Educação Física e Treinamento
/
Resistência Física
/
Adaptação Fisiológica
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Med Sci Sports Exerc
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Reino Unido