Does three-dimensional intraoperative specimen imaging reduce the need for re-excision in breast cancer patients? A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Standard two-dimensional (2D) specimen radiography may guide intraoperative re-excision of margins in patients undergoing breast conserving surgery. We sought to determine the impact of three-dimensional (3D) specimen imaging in further reducing positive margin rates. METHODS: A prospective study of 100 patients in which both 2D and 3D specimen radiographies were performed. The impact of orthogonal view on intraoperative surgical management and final margins was assessed. RESULTS: Ten patients had no residual tumor; therefore, 90 patients formed the cohort of interest. Of them, 21 patients (23.3%) had ductal carcinoma in situ; 18 (20.0%) had invasive cancer; and 51 (56.7%) had both. Median tumor size was 1.7 cm (range, .2 to 8.1 cm). On the basis of 2D imaging, surgeons stated they would take more tissue in 26 patients (28.9%). Three-dimensional imaging changed management in 4 patients (6.3%). One of these patients would have had positive margins if the intraoperative resection done on the basis of the 3D imaging would have been omitted. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional specimen imaging results in further intraoperative re-excision in 6.3% of patients and may reduce re-excision rates in 2.2%.