[The practice of neonatal umbilical blood gas analysis in the "Alsace" regional French perinatal network]. / La pratique de l'analyse des gaz du sang au cordon ombilical dans le réseau périnatal alsacien.

OBJECTIVE: The assessment of neonatal well-being is paramount in delivery rooms. For that purpose, it is recommended in France to carry out a systematic neonatal umbilical cord blood gas analysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate how umbilical cord blood gas sampling is realised, analysed and interpreted by midwives in a French regional perinatal network. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a survey focused on randomly selected midwives partitioning in different maternities that constitute the "Alsace" regional perinatal network. A questionnaire concerning the modalities of umbilical cord blood sampling, its analysis and the interpretation of results was used during interviews with included midwives. RESULTS: Fifty-one midwives were included in the study (15.8% of whom were working in delivery rooms). Only 13% of maternities constituting the perinatal network did not realise systematic neonatal umbilical cord blood analysis. Among interviewed midwives, 78.4% reported umbilical cord clamping after the first breath of the child. Among the midwives included, 86.3% of them realise sampling from the umbilical artery and 29.4% from both umbilical artery and vein. For 86.3% of interviewed midwives, the leitmotif of realising umbilical blood sampling was medico-legal. More than two third of included midwives interpret blood gas taking into account two parameters (either pH and base excess, or lactate). They settled at 7.0-7.2, the limit below which a newborn might present sequelae. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study shows that the neonatal umbilical cord blood gas analysis at birth is almost systematic in this regional French perinatal network. It is realised primarily for medico-legal purpose. However, there are significant variations in sampling procedures and interpretation. This should lead to the establishment within each maternity of a neonatal umbilical cord blood gas sampling protocol along with a midwifery training program.