Chronic toxicity of aluminum, at a pH of 6, to freshwater organisms: Empirical data for the development of international regulatory standards/criteria.
Environ Toxicol Chem
; 37(1): 36-48, 2018 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28667768
ABSTRACT
The chemistry, bioavailability, and toxicity of aluminum (Al) in the aquatic environment are complex and affected by a wide range of water quality characteristics (including pH, hardness, and dissolved organic carbon). Data gaps in Al ecotoxicology exist for pH ranges representative of natural surface waters (pH 6-8). To address these gaps, a series of chronic toxicity tests were performed at pH 6 with 8 freshwater species, including 2 fish (Pimephales promelas and Danio rerio), an oligochaete (Aeolosoma sp.), a rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus), a snail (Lymnaea stagnalis), an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), a midge (Chironomus riparius), and an aquatic plant (Lemna minor). The 10% effect concentrations (EC10s) ranged from 98 µg total Al/L for D. rerio to 2175 µg total Al/L for L. minor. From these data and additional published data, species-sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were developed to derive concentrations protective of 95% of tested species (i.e., 50% lower confidence limit of a 5th percentile hazard concentration [HC5-50]). A generic HC5-50 (not adjusted for bioavailability) of 74.4 µg total Al/L was estimated using the SSD. An Al-specific biotic ligand model (BLM) was used to develop SSDs normalized for bioavailability based on site-specific water quality characteristics. Normalized HC5-50s ranged from 93.7 to 534 µg total Al/L for waters representing a range of European ecoregions, whereas a chronic HC5 calculated using US Environmental Protection Agency aquatic life criteria methods (i.e., a continuous criterion concentration [CCC]) was 125 µg total Al/L when normalized to Lake Superior water in the United States. The HC5-50 and CCC values for site-specific waters other than those in the present study can be obtained using the Al BLM. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;3736-48. © 2017 SETAC.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Testes de Toxicidade Crônica
/
Alumínio
/
Organismos Aquáticos
/
Água Doce
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Toxicol Chem
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos