Sites and mechanisms of basic narcotic receptor function based on current research.

ABSTRACT

Within the past decade, progress in opiate pharmacology has been phenomenal and has stimulated widespread interest. Several potent endogenous peptides with morphine-like activity were isolated and their structures were established. Opioid receptors in the brain were localized and characterized. Plausible hypotheses to explain the mechanism of action of the narcotic analgetics have been proposed. Antagonist-agonists that are potent analgesics with low addition liability were introduced for clinical application. Epidural administration of morphine and its surrogates to reduce side effects and prolong drug action is gaining increasing popularity. Extensive research is ongoing concerning the use of opioids in the treatment of shock and the mental states. Some of these advances will be discussed.