Chemical characterization of polysaccharides isolated from scrophularia ningpoensis and its protective effect on the cerebral ischemia/reperfusin injury in rat model.

This study was designed to investigate the chemical characterization of scrophularia ningpoensis polysaccharides (SNP) and its protective activity on the cerebral ischemia/reperfusin injury (CIRI) rats. SNP was successfully isolated and fractionated by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration into different factions, namely SNP1, SNP2, SNP3, SNP2-A and SNP2-B. SNP2-A is consisted of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic Acid (Glu A), galacturonic Acid (Gal A), glucose (Glu), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl) and arabinose (Ara). The nervous defect symptoms, the brain infarct volume and brain water content of rats with CIRI were improved by pretreatment with SNP2-A. In addition, SNP2-A could increase SOD activities, but could reduce MDA, NO, NOS, IL-1ß and TNF-α levels in brain tissues of rats with CIRI. Additionally, the reductive ERK protein expression and the elevated JNK and p38 protein expression stimulated by CIRI were all ameliorated by pre-treatment of SNP2-A. The results indicate that the protective effect may be related to the improvement of SNP2-A on the antioxidant capacity of brain tissue, the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines overproduction and the amelioration of MAPK pathway such as JNK, p38 and ERK proteins. These data provided an information for mechanistic studies for polysaccharide neuroprotective effects in CIRI.