A smart bottom-up strategy for fabrication of complex hydrogel constructs with 3D controllable geometric shapes through dynamic interfacial adhesion.

A novel and facile dynamic interfacial adhesion (DIA) strategy has been successfully applied in the reversible fabrication of complex 3D hydrogel constructs based on dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs). By tailoring the geometry of gel building blocks (GBBs) and incorporating stimuli-responsive units, various shapes could be easily achieved.