[Physiotherapy in early rehabilitation of patients with bone sarcomas after arthroplasty of large bones and joints]. / Fizioterapiya pri rannei reabilitatsii bol'nykh s kostnymi sarkomami posle endoprotezirovaniya krupnykh kostei i sustavov.

ABSTRACT

ACTUALITY The modern method of treating patients with tumor lesions of the bones is the replacement of large bones and joints with the inclusion of reconstructive plastic component. The main functional postoperative disorders of this method (limitation of mobility in the operated joint, pain, muscle hypotrophy and edema of the operated limb) obstruct the ability of patients to return to a full life, which makes their early rehabilitation extremely urgent. Orthopedics uses a number of physical factors for this. The literature presents data on the absence of negative effects of low-frequency electro- and magnetotherapy in the treatment of late complications of oncopedic surgery on a number of bone sarcomas, which allowed them to be included in early rehabilitation for the first time. AIM OF STUDY Development of a complex of early rehabilitation of patients with bone tumors after arthroplasty of large bones and joints and evaluation of its effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, open, nonrandomized, controlled study included 36 patients aged 19-67 years (Me 42 years old) with primary malignant and metastatic bone tumors who underwent endoprosthesis replacement of large bones and joints with the inclusion of reconstructive plastic component (plastic by displaced muscles, synthetic mesh) and received local low-frequency magnetotherapy, low-intensity infrared laser radiation, electroneuromyostimulation and therapeutic exercises. Physiotherapy began from the first day after the operation and lasted for 10 days. To assess the functional result, the international MSTS scale was used. RESULTS: The combined use of the reconstructive plastic component during radical surgery and physiotherapy made it possible to obtain good functional result at 63,9% of patients, satisfactory functional results in 36.1% of patients according to the MSTS scale at the time of discharge. The function of the saved limb in 10 patients after distal femoral resection with knee replacement was 80% of normal function, in 7 patients after proximal tibia resection - 72%; in 13 patients after proximal resection of the femur with hip replacement - 59%; in 5 patients after proximal resection of the humerus with endoprosthetics of the shoulder joint - 61.3%; and in 1 patient after proximal resection of the ulna with endoprosthetics of the elbow joint - 70%. CONCLUSION: The multidisciplinary approach to the early rehabilitation of patients with bone tumors made it possible to achieve functional results in a short time, reduce the time spent by patients in the surgical department without increasing the number of postoperative complications. Based on the preliminary obtained results, it is necessary to continue the study on a larger number of patients and with a longer follow-up period.