Gender Differences in Hispanic Patients of Mexican Origin Hospitalized with Heart Failure.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: More than 3 million women in the United States die of heart failure (HF) annually. Women are significantly underrepresented in studies that inform practice guidelines, especially women hospitalized for HF despite the associated negative outcomes. HF is common in Hispanic people, the largest ethnic minority group in the United States, who are mostly of Mexican origin. There are no studies of gender differences in Mexican-Hispanic persons hospitalized for HF. We sought to describe gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, in-hospital outcomes, and discharge status in Mexican-Hispanic patients hospitalized for HF. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected for a study examining readmission in patients hospitalized with HF in a 107-bed community; hospital near the U.S.-Mexico border. RESULTS: Of 155 self-identified Hispanic patients, 43.2% (n = 67) were women. Compared with men, women were equally affected by obesity, on average 6 years older (p < .01), and more likely to be widowed (31% vs 6%; p < .001). Women had significantly higher ejection fractions, more total comorbid conditions, more hyperlipidemia, more arthritis, more anxiety, and were less likely to be treated with digoxin and more likely to be treated with calcium channel blockers. At discharge, women were significantly less likely to receive an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an aldosterone receptor blocker and had a higher systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Key gender differences in chronic illness burden, treatment, and discharge status were found, highlighting the heterogeneity of women with HF and the need for further gender-specific research to develop care strategies specific to women of all races and ethnicities.