Mini review: Advances in understanding regulation of cellulase enzyme in white-rot basidiomycetes.

ABSTRACT

White-rot basidiomycetic fungi have gained a lot of scientific attention in recent years owing to their ability to produce cellulase enzymes that are of great importance in numerous industrial applications. This has seen a rise in number of studies seeking to comprehend both physical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the production of cellulase enzymes in these fungi. Cellulase has several applications in production of food and beverages, biofuel, biological detergents, pharmaceuticals, and deinking in paper and pulp industry. Enhanced understanding of genetic mechanisms that regulate cellulase production would have utility for optimal cellulase production in white-rot basidiomycetes using biotechnology approaches. Carbon catabolite repression and various transcriptional factors such as XlnR, Cre, Clr, Ace, and gna1 control expression of genes encoding cellobiohydrolase (CBH), endoglucanase (EGL) and ß-glucosidase (BGL). In this review, we have consolidated and summarised some of recent findings on genetic regulation of cellulase with an aim of highlighting the general regulatory mechanisms that underlie cellulase expressions in white-rot fungi. This review further outlines some of important transcription factors that regulate cellulase genes, and key research gaps that may need to be addressed by future research.