ANC, antenatal care; Antenatal screening; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EGA, estimated gestational age; FGR, fetal growth restriction; Gene expression profiling; HIC, high-income country; LIC, low-income country; LMP, last menstrual period; MIC, middle-income country; NGS, next generation sequencing; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PICo, Population phenomenon of Interest and Context; PPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes; PROSPERO, Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; PTB, preterm birth; PTL, preterm labour; PoA, proportion of agreement; Preterm birth; RIN, RNA integrity number; RNA, Ribonucleic acid; SDG, Sustainable Development Goal; SGA, small for gestational age; Systematic review; Transcriptome; WBC, white blood cells; WHO, World Health Organization; mRNA, messenger RNA; miRNA, microRNA; sPTB, spontaneous preterm birth; sPTL, spontaneous preterm labour