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Caffeine reverses the unconsciousness produced by light anesthesia in the continued presence of isoflurane in rats.
Fox, Aaron P; Wagner, Kyle R; Towle, Vernon L; Xie, Kelvin G; Xie, Zheng.
Afiliação
  • Fox AP; Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
  • Wagner KR; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
  • Towle VL; Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
  • Xie KG; Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
  • Xie Z; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
PLoS One ; 15(11): e0241818, 2020.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33152041
Currently no drugs are employed clinically to reverse the unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics. Our previous studies showed that caffeine, when given near the end of an anesthesia session, accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia, likely caused by caffeine's ability to elevate intracellular cAMP levels and to block adenosine receptors. These earlier studies showed that caffeine did not rouse either rats or humans from deep anesthesia (≥ 1 minimum alveolar concentration, MAC). In this current crossover study, we examined whether caffeine reversed the unconsciousness produced by light anesthesia (< 1 MAC) in the continued presence of isoflurane. The primary endpoint of this study was to measure isoflurane levels at the time of recovery of righting reflex, which was a proxy for consciousness. Rats were deeply anesthetized with 2% isoflurane (~1.5 MAC) for 20 minutes. Subsequently, isoflurane was reduced to 1.2% for 10 minutes, then by 0.2% every 10 min; animals were monitored until the recovery of righting reflex occurred, in the continued presence of isoflurane. Respiration rate, heart rate and electroencephalogram (EEG) were monitored. Our results show that caffeine-treated rats recovered their righting reflex at a significantly higher inspired isoflurane concentration, corresponding to light anesthesia, than the same rats treated with saline (control). Respiration rate and heart rate increased initially after caffeine injection but were then unchanged for the rest of the anesthesia session. Deep anesthesia is correlated with burst suppression in EEG recordings. Our data showed that caffeine transiently reduced the burst suppression time produced by deep anesthesia, suggesting that caffeine altered neuronal circuit function but not to a point where it caused arousal. In contrast, under light anesthesia, caffeine shifted the EEG power to high frequency beta and gamma bands. These data suggest that caffeine may represent a clinically viable drug to reverse the unconsciousness produced by light anesthesia.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Cafeína / Anestésicos Inalatórios / Reflexo de Endireitamento / Isoflurano Limite: Animals Idioma: En Revista: PLoS One Assunto da revista: CIENCIA / MEDICINA Ano de publicação: 2020 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos País de publicação: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Cafeína / Anestésicos Inalatórios / Reflexo de Endireitamento / Isoflurano Limite: Animals Idioma: En Revista: PLoS One Assunto da revista: CIENCIA / MEDICINA Ano de publicação: 2020 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos País de publicação: Estados Unidos