Effects of (-)-epicatechin on neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus of aged mice.
Food Funct
; 11(12): 10351-10361, 2020 Dec 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33201160
ABSTRACT
Evidence has implicated oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation as drivers of neurodegenerative pathologies. We previously reported on the beneficial effects of (-)-epicatechin (Epi) treatment on aging-induced OS and its capacity to restore modulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of 26-month-old male mice. In the present study using the same mouse model of aging, we examined the capacity of Epi to mitigate hippocampus OS, inflammation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, soluble ß-amyloid protein levels, cell survival, memory, anxiety-like behavior levels and systemic inflammation. Mice were subjected to 4 weeks of Epi treatment (1 mg kg-1 day-1) and samples of the hippocampus were obtained. Assessments of the OS markers, protein carbonyls, and malondialdehyde levels demonstrated their significant increase (â¼3 fold) with aging that were partially suppressed by Epi. The protein levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, inflammatory factor 1 (Iba1), pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukins (IL-1ß, IL-3, 5, 6 and 15), cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor-activated B cells and interferon γ increase with aging and were also significantly decreased with Epi treatment. However, anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1ra, IL-10 and 11 decrease with aging and were restored with Epi. Epi also reversed the aging effects on the hyperphosphorylation of tau, increased soluble ß-amyloid levels (â¼2 fold), cellular death (as per caspase 3 and 9 activity), and reduced nerve growth factor and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 levels. Measures of anxiety like-behavior and memory demonstrated improvements with Epi treatment. Indicators of systemic inflammation increase with aging and Epi was capable of decreasing blood inflammatory markers. Altogether, the results show a significant capacity of Epi to mitigate hippocampus OS and inflammation leading to improved brain function.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Catequina
/
Proteínas tau
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Estresse Oxidativo
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Hipocampo
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Inflamação
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Anti-Inflamatórios
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Food Funct
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
México