[From haematopoietic stem cell harvest to post-transplant]. / Du prélèvement au suivi postgreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques.

Allogeneic stem cell transplant, used for the first time in 1950s, is the older immunotherapy which can be able to cure malignant hematologic diseases. Indications are becoming larger thanks to supportive care progress and larger donor availability, in particular with haplo-identical donors. Graft versus host disease and infections remain the main complications at the origin of high morbi-mortality (treatment-related mortality of 15 to 25%). Current major issue is to limit post-allogeneic relapse, especially thanks to targeted therapies and immunotherapy.