In-vitroassessment of ß-tricalcium phosphate/bredigite-ciprofloxacin (CPFX) scaffolds for bone treatment applications.

ABSTRACT

In the present study, ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) scaffolds with various amounts of bredigite (Bre) were fabricated by the space holder method. The effect of bredigite content on the structure, mechanical properties,in vitrobioactivity, and cell viability was investigated. The structural assessment of the composite scaffolds presented interconnected pores with diameter of 300-500 µm with around 78%-82% porosity. The results indicated that the compressive strength of the scaffolds with 20% bredigite (1.91 MPa) was improved in comparison with scaffolds with 10% bredigite (0.52 MPa), due to the reduction of the average pore and grain sizes. Also, the results showed that the bioactivity and biodegradability of ß-TCP/20Bre were better than that of ß-TCP/10Bre. Besides, in this study, the release kinetics of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) loaded ß-TCP/Bre composites as well as the ability of scaffolds to function as a sustained release drug carrier was investigated. Drug release pattern of ß-TCP/bredigite-5CPFX scaffolds exhibited the rapid burst release of 43% for 3 h along with sustained release (82%) for 32 h which is favorable for bone infection treatment. Antibacterial tests revealed that the antibacterial properties of ß-TCP/bredigite scaffolds are strongly related to the CPFX concentration, wherein the scaffold containing 5% CPFX showed the most significant zone of inhibition (33 ± 0.5 mm) againstStaphylococcus aureus. The higher specific surface areas of nanostructure ß-TCP/bredigite scaffolds containing CPFX lead to an initial rapid release followed by constant drug delivery. MTT assay showed that the cell viability of ß-TCP/bredigite scaffold loading with up to 1%-3% CPFX (95 ± 2%), is greater than for scaffolds containing 5% CPFX (84 ± 2%). In Overall, it may suggested that ß-TCP/bredigite containing 1%-3% CPFX possesses great cell viability and antibacterial activity and be employed as bactericidal biomaterials and bone infection treatment.