Detection of Point Prevalence and Assemblages of Giardia spp. in Dairy Calves and Sika Deer, Northeast China.

ABSTRACT

Giardia lamblia (syn Giardia duodenalis) is an important protozoan parasite that can cause enterocyte damage and loss of brush border of the epithelial cells in the intestine, resulting in shortening of microvilli and altered epithelial barrier function. Many animals have been detected as the hosts of the G. lamblia. However, the information on the epidemiology and molecular detection of G. lamblia in dairy calves and sika deer in northeastern China is limited. To investigate the prevalence and genotypes of dairy calves and sika deer in northeastern China, a total of 321 fecal samples from dairy calves in Heilongjiang Province and 818 fecal samples from sika deer in four provinces (Jilin Province, Heilongjiang Province, Liaoning Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) in China were conducted by PCR methods, between September 2017 and April 2018. The overall prevalence of G. lamblia in dairy calves in Heilongjiang Province and sika deer in the four provinces was 4.98% (16/321) and 0.61% (5/818), respectively. In this study, the point prevalence of Giardia spp. in different factor groups was dissimilar. A total of 16 Giardia spp. positive samples in dairy calves were identified as assemblage E based on the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), ß-giardine (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Furthermore, two positive samples of assemblage A and three positive samples of assemblage E were identified with gdh and bg genes in the sika deer. Assemblage A was zoonotic genotype of G. lamblia, and assemblage E was identified as the predominant assemblage in dairy calves and sika deer. This study reported the prevalence and genotypes of G. lamblia in dairy calves in Heilongjiang Province and sika deer in four provinces in China. These results provided basic information to understand the epidemiology of G. lamblia in dairy calves and sika deer in China.