Adipocytokines as Risk Factors for Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive diagnostics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of liver dysfunction in children, are based on imaging, biochemical tests and their compilation. The study aimed to evaluate the serological biomarkers of steatosis, inflammation and liver fibrosis to assess the risk of NAFLD in children. METHODS: A total of 73 children were included in the prospective study; 50 of them were diagnosed with NAFLD based on ultrasound, and 23 formed a control group. Basic anthropometric parameters were measured, blood samples were taken for laboratory tests and evaluated proteins were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, fibroblast growth factor 21, liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and interleukin 6. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the levels of two proteins were found: the adiponectin level was lower in the NAFLD group (12.24 ± 7.01 vs 16.88 ± 9.21 µg/mL, P = 0.024), and L-FABP levels were higher (21.48 ± 20.61 vs 11.74 ± 8.39 ng/mL, P = 0.031). In the group of children with body mass index (BMI)-for-age >1 standard deviation (SD), adiponectin concentration was also significantly lower (12.18 ± 6.43 µg/mL) than in the group with BMI ≤1 SD (17.29 ± 9.42 µg/mL, P = 0.015). The odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for the relation between adiponectin and NAFLD and obesity were 0.868 (0.767-0.982) and 0.838 (0.719-0.977), respectively. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin may be useful in evaluating the risk of NAFLD and obesity in children.