Strong relationship between cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein receptor, Na+/H+ exchanger, and SARS-COV-2: this association may be the cause of death in the patient with COVID-19.
Lipids Health Dis
; 20(1): 179, 2021 Dec 13.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34895256
ABSTRACT
Lipids have a wide variety and vital functions. Lipids play roles in energy metabolism, intracellular and extracellular signal traffic, and transport of fat-soluble vitamins. Also, they form the structure of the cell membrane. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with lipids since its genetic material contains lipid-enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA). Previous studies have shown that total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are lower in patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to patients with non-severe COVID-19.Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE) is an important antiport that keeps the intracellular pH value within physiological limits. When the intracellular pH falls, NHE is activated and pumps H+ ions outward. However, prolonged NHE activation causes cell damage and atherosclerosis. Prolonged NHE activation may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19.In COVID-19, increased angiotensin II (Ang II) due to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) dysfunction stimulates NHE. Lipids are in close association with the NHE pump. Prolonged NHE activity increases the influx of H+ ions and free fatty acid (FFA) inward. Ang II also causes increased low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels by inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Thus, intracellular atheroma plaque formation is accelerated.Besides, SARS-CoV-2 may replicate more rapidly as intracellular cholesterol increases. SARS-CoV-2 swiftly infects the cell whose intracellular pH decreases with NHE activation and FFA movement. Novel treatment regimens based on NHE and lipids should be explored for the treatment of COVID-19.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Receptores de LDL
/
Colesterol
/
Trocadores de Sódio-Hidrogênio
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
Tipo de estudo:
Risk_factors_studies
Aspecto:
Patient_preference
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Lipids Health Dis
Assunto da revista:
BIOQUIMICA
/
METABOLISMO
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Turquia