Emerging roles of circular RNAs in liver cancer.
JHEP Rep
; 4(2): 100413, 2022 Feb.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35036887
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the most common primary liver tumours, whose incidence and associated mortality have increased over recent decades. Liver cancer is often diagnosed late when curative treatments are no longer an option. Characterising new molecular determinants of liver carcinogenesis is crucial for the development of innovative treatments and clinically relevant biomarkers. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerged as promising regulatory molecules involved in cancer onset and progression. Mechanistically, circRNAs are mainly known for their ability to sponge and regulate the activity of microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, although other functions are emerging (e.g. transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, protein scaffolding). In liver cancer, circRNAs have been shown to regulate tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell death resistance. Their roles in regulating angiogenesis, genome instability, immune surveillance and metabolic switching are emerging. Importantly, circRNAs are detected in body fluids. Due to their circular structure, circRNAs are often more stable than mRNAs or miRNAs and could therefore serve as promising biomarkers - quantifiable with high specificity and sensitivity through minimally invasive methods. This review focuses on the role and the clinical relevance of circRNAs in liver cancer, including the development of innovative biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
ASO, antisense oligonucleotide; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; CLIP, cross-linking immunoprecipitation; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EVs, extracellular vesicles; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HN1, haematopoietic- and neurologic-expressed sequence 1; IRES, internal ribosome entry sites; NGS, next-generation sequencing; QKI, Quaking; RBP, RNA-binding protein; RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; TAM, tumour-associated macrophage; TSB, target site blockers; biomarker; cancer hallmarks; cholangiocarcinoma; circRNA; circRNA, circular RNA; hepatocellular carcinoma; miRNA, microRNA; shRNA, small-hairpin RNA; snRNP, small nuclear ribonuclear proteins
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
JHEP Rep
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
França