Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Skeletal Muscle Wasting by Regulating Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Expression in Endotoxemia Rats.

To investigate whether exogenous melatonin (MLT) could alleviate skeletal muscle wasting by regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides expression. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg), followed by MLT (30 mg/kg/day) or saline for 3 days. Hypothalamic tissues and skeletal muscle were obtained on day 3. Skeletal muscle wasting was measured by the mRNA expression of two E3 ubiquitin ligases, muscle atrophy F-box and muscle ring finger 1 as well as 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) and tyrosine release. Three hypothalamic neuropeptides (POMC, AgRP, CART) expression were detected in all groups. POMC expression knockdown was achieved by ARC injection of lentiviruses containing shRNA against POMC. Two weeks after ARC viruses injection, rats were i.p. injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) followed by MLT (30 mg/kg/day) or saline for 3 days. Brain tissues were harvested for immunostaining. In septic rats, 3-MH, tyrosine release and muscle atrophic gene expression were significantly decreased in MLT treated group. POMC and CART expression were lower while AgRP expression was higher in MLT treated group. Furthermore, in septic rats treated with MLT, muscle wasting in those with lower expression of neuropeptide POMC did not differ from those with normal POMC expression. Exogenous MLT could alleviate skeletal muscle wasting in septic rats by regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides.