Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metal species on the combustion characteristics of cattle manures.

This study investigates the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species on the combustion characteristics of cattle manures (CM). Different AAEM species (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) were mixed with CM and deashing CM (D-CM) samples. The combustion characteristics of raw and char samples were compared. The effects of AAEM species on CM char were analyzed based on the structural characteristics of the char sample. Results show that K and Na exert a positive effect, and this effect varies depending on the addition amount. Ca and Mg also exhibit a positive effect, but this effect does not change with the addition amount. The positive effect of K, Na, and Ca is related to the decrease in graphitization degree and increase in specific surface area. However, the positive effect of Mg is negligible. In conclusion, CM can be mixed with fuels containing K or Na in an appropriate ratio. The amount of Ca to be mixed with fuels has no specific requirement, whereas that of Mg to be mixed with fuels should be controlled.