Molecular origins of the multi-donor strategy in inducing bathochromic shifts and enlarging Stokes shifts of fluorescent proteins.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
; 24(26): 15937-15944, 2022 Jul 06.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35727090
ABSTRACT
Long-wavelength fluorescent proteins (LWFPs) and LWFP-based sensors are indispensable tools for bioimaging and biosensing applications. However, it remains challenging to develop LWFPs with outstanding brightness and/or sensitivities, largely due to the lack of simple and effective molecular design strategies. Herein, we rationalized the molecular origins of a multi-donor strategy that affords significant bathochromic shifts and large Stokes shifts with minimal structural changes in the resulting protein fluorophores. We analyzed three key factors that affect the spectral properties of these fluorophores, including the (1) substituent position, (2) electron-donating strength, and (3) number of electron-donating groups. We further demonstrated that this simple design strategy is generalizable to various fluorophore families. We expect that this work can provide rational guidelines for developing fluorescent proteins (and small-molecule fluorophores) with long emission wavelengths and large Stokes shifts.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Elétrons
/
Corantes Fluorescentes
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Phys Chem Chem Phys
Assunto da revista:
BIOFISICA
/
QUIMICA
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Singapura