Molecular Characterization of TGF-Beta Gene Family in Buffalo to Identify Gene Duplication and Functional Mutations.
Genes (Basel)
; 13(8)2022 07 22.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35893038
ABSTRACT
The TGF-ß superfamily is ubiquitously distributed from invertebrates to vertebrates with diverse cellular functioning such as cell adhesion, motility, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The present study aimed to characterize the TGF-ß gene superfamily in buffalo through evolutionary, structural, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analyses to find the functional effect of SNPs in selected genes. We detected 32 TGF-ß genes in buffalo genome and all TGF-ß proteins exhibited basic nature except INHA, INHBC, MSTN, BMP10, and GDF2, which showed acidic properties. According to aliphatic index, TGF-ß proteins were thermostable but unstable in nature. Except for GDF1 and AMH, TGF-ß proteins depicted hydrophilic nature. Moreover, all the detected buffalo TGF-ß genes showed evolutionary conserved nature. We also identified eight segmental and one tandem duplication event TGF-ß gene family in buffalo, and the ratio of Ka/Ks demonstrated that all the duplicated gene pairs were under selective pressure. Comparative amino acid analysis demonstrated higher variation in buffalo TGF-ß gene family, as a total of 160 amino acid variations in all the buffalo TGF-ß proteins were detected. Mutation analysis revealed that 13 mutations had an overall damaging effect that might have functional consequences on buffalo growth, folliculogenesis, or embryogenesis.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta
/
Duplicação Gênica
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Genes (Basel)
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
China