The role of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in the development of acute kidney injury following radical cystectomy.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Recent reports have suggested that fluid restriction as part of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways may increase the risk of AKI in radical cystectomy (RC) patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of ERAS initiation on AKI incidence at a high-volume tertiary care center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of our IRB approved database to identify patients receiving RC from 2010 to 2019. ERAS was initiated at our institution in October 2016. Acute kidney injuries were graded according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and must have occurred within 7 days of indexed RC. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was captured at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months respectively. Categorical variables were compared with the Pearson-Chi square test. Quantitative variables were analyzed with the Wilcoxon-Rank sum test. Multivariable binary logistic regression and interaction analysis was used to identify predictors of AKI. RESULTS: Twelve hundred patients were included. Twenty-two percent of patients experienced an AKI within 7 days. Patients in the ERAS cohort experienced less AKIs after RC (18% vs. 25%, P = 0.003). When adjusting for year of surgery, ERAS was not a significant predictor for AKI on multivariable analysis (OR 0.87, P = 0.73). On interaction analysis, during the ERAS era, intracorporeal robot-assisted radical cystectomy (iRARC) was associated with decreased odds of AKI (OR 0.39, P = 0.034). There were no significant differences in eGFR at 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.16). CONCLUSION: Unlike previous reports, ERAS initiation was not associated with increased risk of AKI at a tertiary care high-volume center.