Polyvinyl alcohol coating prevents platelet adsorption and improves mechanical property of polycaprolactone-based small-caliber vascular graft.

The low patency of synthetic vascular grafts hinders their practical applicability. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a non-toxic, highly hydrophilic polymer; thus, we created a PVA-coated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber vascular graft (PVA-PCL graft). In this study, we examine whether PVA could improve the hydrophilicity of PCL grafts and evaluate its in vivo performance using a rat aorta implantation model. A PCL graft with an inner diameter of 1 mm is created using electrospinning (control). The PCL nanofibers are coated with PVA, resulting in a PVA-PCL graft. Mechanical property tests demonstrate that the PVA coating significantly increases the stiffness and resilience of the PCL graft. The PVA-PCL surface exhibits a much smaller sessile drop contact angle when compared with that of the control, indicating that the PVA coating has hydrophilic properties. Additionally, the PVA-PCL graft shows significantly less platelet adsorption than the control. The proposed PVA-PCL graft is implanted into the rat's abdominal aorta, and its in vivo performance is tested at 8 weeks. The patency rate is 83.3% (10/12). The histological analysis demonstrates autologous cell engraftment on and inside the scaffold, as well as CD31/α-smooth muscle positive neointima regeneration on the graft lumen. Thus, the PVA-PCL grafts exhibit biocompatibility in the rat model, which suggests that the PVA coating is a promising approach for functionalizing PCL.