Xanthine oxidase inhibitory study of eight structurally diverse phenolic compounds.

ABSTRACT

This project was designed to explore the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory mechanism of eight structurally diverse phenolic compounds [quercetin C1, quercetin-3-rhamnoside C2, 4, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid C3, 3, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid C4, 3, 4-O-di-caffeoylquinic acid C5, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (C6), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid C7, and caffeic acid C8]. For this purpose, in-vitro and different computational methods were applied to determine the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory potential of eight structurally diverse phenolic compounds. The results revealed that phenolic compounds (C1-C8) possess strong to weak XO inhibitory activity. These results were further confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 1H NMR analysis. Furthermore, computational study results revealed that phenolic compounds (C1-C8) bind with the surrounding amino acids of XO at the molybdenum (MO) site. These in-vitro and in-silico results divulge that phenolic compounds have a strong potential to lower uric acid levels via interacting with the XO enzyme and can be used to combat hyperuricemia.