Standard operating procedure for idarucizumab reversal of dabigatran anticoagulation in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Reversal of dabigatran anticoagulation activity using idarucizumab is indicated for individuals suffering from life-threatening or non-controlled bleeding and those in need of urgent operation or invasive intervention. Through idarucizumab application patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may regain eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may show less hematoma growth, thereby improving functional outcome in both groups. However, evidence is limited, and international guidelines contain heterogenous recommendations substantiating the need for the review of evidence and standard operating procedures (SOPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For our review, we searched PubMed for all published articles using idarucizumab and ischemic stroke/hemorrhagic stroke as keywords. Illustrating two clinical cases, we discuss the current literature and national guidelines. RESULTS: Our search retrieved 47 articles of which 8 case studies or series made public after 2020/2021, 28 reviews, 1 leading opinion article, 1 editorial and 10 guidelines. Summarizing the available evidence, idarucizumab application in stroke patients taking dabigatran results in decreased mortality rate and improved functional outcomes. Based on two clinical cases from our departments, we provide SOPs on how to deal with eligible patients in a time-efficient way, thereby reducing door-to-needle times in AIS and preventing early deterioration in ICH patients. CONCLUSION: Reversal of dabigatran with idarucizumab in stroke patients appears easy to manage, safe and beneficial. The SOPs aim to reassure stroke physicians to include dabigatran reversal into their daily clinical routine when dealing with patients presenting with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke under dabigatran therapy.