T Cells in Tick-Borne Flavivirus Encephalitis: A Review of Current Paradigms in Protection and Disease Pathology.
Viruses
; 15(4)2023 04 13.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37112938
ABSTRACT
The family Flaviviridae is comprised of a diverse group of arthropod-borne viruses that are the etiological agents of globally relevant diseases in humans. Among these, infection with several of these flaviviruses-including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Powassan virus (POWV)-can result in neuroinvasive disease presenting as meningitis or encephalitis. Factors contributing to the development and resolution of tick-borne flavivirus (TBEV, POWV) infection and neuropathology remain unclear, though many recently undertaken studies have described the virus-host interactions underlying encephalitic disease. With access to neural tissues despite the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier, T cells have emerged as one notable contributor to neuroinflammation. The goal of this review is to summarize the recent advances in tick-borne flavivirus immunology-particularly with respect to T cells-as it pertains to the development of encephalitis. We found that although T cell responses are rarely evaluated in a clinical setting, they are integral in conjunction with antibody responses to restricting the entry of TBFV into the CNS. The extent and means by which they can drive immune pathology, however, merits further study. Understanding the role of the T cell compartment in tick-borne flavivirus encephalitis is instrumental for improving vaccine safety and efficacy, and has implications for treatments and interventions for human disease.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Carrapatos
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Infecções por Flavivirus
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Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos
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Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos
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Flavivirus
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Zika virus
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Infecção por Zika virus
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Viruses
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos