Predatory Arthropods Associated with the Invasive Tipu Psyllid, Platycorypha nigrivirga, in Southern Spain.

ABSTRACT

Platycorypha nigrivirga Burckhardt (Hemiptera Psyllidae) is a neotropical invasive species strictly associated with the tipu tree, Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze (Fabaceae Papilionoideae). This psyllid has rapidly spread to several temperate areas of Spain and Portugal causing considerable problems in urban landscapes. The aim of this study was to determine the arthropod predator complex of this exotic insect and report the possibility of its biological control. Three urban green areas were surveyed in southern Spain during 2018 and 2019. Platycorypha nigrivirga populations increased during the spring months and reached a maximum level between late May and mid-June, declining greatly during the summer. A large complex of generalist predator species was found to exert a certain natural control on the pest, belonging to Anthocoridae (68.53%), Coccinellidae (18.39%), Chrysopidae (5.67%), Miridae (4.39%) and Araneae (3.02%). Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) was the most abundant predatory species, followed by Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) and Scymnus laetificus Weise (Coleoptera Coccinellidae). High levels of abundance of anthocorids coincided with the highest abundance of the pest, showing a significant relationship with the psyllid density. Anthocoris nemoralis seems to be a promising candidate to control P. nigrivirga in the urban green areas of southern Spain, but more studies are needed to define the optimum management strategies.