Long-Term Safety Profile and Off-Label Use of JAK Inhibitors in Dermatological Disorders.

ABSTRACT

JAK inhibitors target specific inflammatory cytokines involved in various inflammatory diseases. Four molecules have been approved for dermatological use upadacitinib, baricitinib, abrocitinib and topical ruxolitinib. Off-label prescriptions for other dermatological conditions have been reported. We conducted a narrative review of the literature to assess the long-term safety profile of currently approved JAK inhibitors in dermatology, and their off-label use in skin disorders. We performed literature searches with Pubmed and Google Scholar from January 2000 to January 2023, using the keywords "Janus kinase inhibitors", "JAK inhibitors", "off-label", "dermatology", "safety", "adverse events", "ruxolitinib", "upadacitinib", "abrocitinib" and "baricitinib". Our search yielded a total of 37 dermatological disorders with studies supporting the use of these JAK inhibitors. Preliminary studies indicate that JAK inhibitors generally have a favorable safety profile and can be considered as an option in many dermatological disorders.