Effects of different processing techniques of palm kernel cake on processing quality of pellet feed, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal microbiota of pigs.

Palm kernel cake (PKC) has lower nutritional value compared with soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and rapeseed meal, but its cost advantage is great, and it has been gradually used in the ruminant feeding. Due to its high crude fiber content, the processing technique applied to the PKC has a significant impact on its effectiveness. However, the different processing techniques of PKC on pellet quality, and performance of pigs have been poorly reported. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of extrusion, fermentation, and enzymolysis pretreatment of PKC on processing quality of pellet feed, nutrient digestibility (in vivo), and intestinal microbiota of growing­finishing pigs. This study provides the optimal processing parameters of the three processing techniques, and demonstrated that PKC after processing could significantly improve the pellet quality, performance, and intestinal microbiota of growing­finishing pigs, while extrusion exhibited a superior feeding effect compared to fermentation and enzymolysis.