The Impact of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Physical Performance.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
; 109(2): e455-e465, 2024 Jan 18.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37437247
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT The inclusion of transgender people in elite sport has been a topic of debate. This narrative review examines the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on physical performance, muscle strength, and markers of endurance. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION MEDLINE and Embase were searched using terms to define the population (transgender), intervention (GAHT), and physical performance outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS:
Existing literature comprises cross-sectional or small uncontrolled longitudinal studies of short duration. In nonathletic trans men starting testosterone therapy, within 1 year, muscle mass and strength increased and, by 3 years, physical performance (push-ups, sit-ups, run time) improved to the level of cisgender men. In nonathletic trans women, feminizing hormone therapy increased fat mass by approximately 30% and decreased muscle mass by approximately 5% after 12 months, and steadily declined beyond 3 years. While absolute lean mass remains higher in trans women, relative percentage lean mass and fat mass (and muscle strength corrected for lean mass), hemoglobin, and VO2 peak corrected for weight was no different to cisgender women. After 2 years of GAHT, no advantage was observed for physical performance measured by running time or in trans women. By 4 years, there was no advantage in sit-ups. While push-up performance declined in trans women, a statistical advantage remained relative to cisgender women.CONCLUSION:
Limited evidence suggests that physical performance of nonathletic trans people who have undergone GAHT for at least 2 years approaches that of cisgender controls. Further controlled longitudinal research is needed in trans athletes and nonathletes.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transexualidade
/
Pessoas Transgênero
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
Aspecto:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Austrália