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Enhanced immune responses in dexamethasone immunosuppressed male rats supplemented with herbal extracts, chitosan nanoparticles, and their conjugates.
Milad, Selvia S; Ali, Sara E; Attia, Mahmoud Z; Khattab, Marwa S; El-Ashaal, Eman S; Elshoky, Hisham A; Azouz, Afaf M.
Afiliação
  • Milad SS; Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: selvia.samir.92@gmail.com.
  • Ali SE; Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: sara.physiology@cu.edu.eg.
  • Attia MZ; Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: Mahmoudzaghloul@hotmail.com.
  • Khattab MS; Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: marwakhattab@cu.edu.eg.
  • El-Ashaal ES; Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Central Lab, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
  • Elshoky HA; Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Central Lab, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Tumor Biology Research Program, Department of Research, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, P.O Box 11441, 1 Seket Al-Emam Street, C
  • Azouz AM; Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: Azouzafaf48@gmail.com.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 250: 126170, 2023 Oct 01.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37573907
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the world is challenged with highly contagious diseases, one of their preliminary virulence mechanisms is the suppression of innate immunity. Therefore, promoting natural immunity is a good precautionary strategy. we investigated and compared the effects of several natural herbal extracts -Moringa oleifera, Ziziphus spina christi, and Saussurea costus, and chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs)- as well as conjugated extracts with CS NPs on the immunological parameters of dexamethasone immunosuppressed (IS) male rats. The plant extracts were assessed for total flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity. The CS NPs and their conjugates were characterized using particles size, zeta potentials, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The chemical analysis of the plant extracts, CS NPs, and their conjugates was performed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated in human lung fibroblast (WI-38) and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines. For in vivo evaluations, 72 adult male rats were divided into 9 groups control, IS, three plant extracts, CS, and conjugates of the three plant extracts and CS NPs. Oral supplementation (day after day) lasted for 28 days. Liver, kidney, and spleen tissue samples were collected for histopathology and Ki-67 expression analyses. The results revealed that the plant extracts and CS improved the total leukocyte counts, complement 3, complement 4, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor levels at day 28. However, the plant extract-CS NPs conjugates faster and have higher immunostimulatory effects at day 14. Furthermore, the atrophied white pulp of the spleen induced by dexamethasone was alleviated, and Ki-67 expression was elevated in all the treated groups. Conclusively, the conjugates of Moringa oleifera, Ziziphus spina christi, and Saussurea costus extract with CS NPs demonstrated more potent and rapid immune responses at lower doses and concentrations compared to the plant extracts or CS NPs alone, without causing liver or kidney injuries. Thus, supplementation of these conjugated plant extracts at lower doses and concentrations is recommended to improve immunity while considering safety considerations.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Int J Biol Macromol Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Int J Biol Macromol Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article