Frontal ataxia: historical aspects and clinical definition.

ABSTRACT

Frontal ataxia, originally described by Bruns, is characterized by the presence of signs of frontal lobe dysfunction, such as perseveration, paratonia, frontal release signs, cognitive changes, and urinary difficulty, associated with imbalance, slow gait, broad-based, the presence of postural instability and falls, retropulsion, and bradykinesia in the lower limbs. The goal of the present study is to recall the historical aspects of this condition, to draw attention to the importance of this clinical finding for the differential diagnosis of ataxias and to review the main semiological differences between primary ataxias (frontal, cerebellar, and sensory ataxia).

RESUMO

A ataxia frontal, originalmente descrita por Bruns, caracteriza-se pela presença de sinais de disfunção do lobo frontal, como perseveração, paratonia, sinais de liberação frontal, alterações cognitivas e dificuldade urinária, associados a desequilíbrio, marcha lenta, base ampla, presença de instabilidade postural e quedas, retropulsão e bradicinesia em membros inferiores. O objetivo do presente trabalho é recordar os aspectos históricos desta condição, ressaltar a importância deste achado clínico para o diagnóstico diferencial das ataxias e revisar as principais diferenças semiológicas entre as ataxias primárias (ataxia frontal, cerebelar e sensitiva).