Organic Selenium induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells reprogram both mitochondrial and lysosomal functions to support growth. At the same time, this causes significant dishomeostasis of free radicals. While this is compensated by the upregulation of detoxification mechanisms, it also represents a potential vulnerability. Here we demonstrate that PDA cells are sensitive to the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway (MVP), which supports the biosynthesis of critical antioxidant intermediates and protect from ferroptosis. We attacked the susceptibility of PDA cells to ferroptotic death with selenorganic compounds, including dibenzyl diselenide (DBDS) that exhibits potent pro-oxidant properties and inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. DBDS treatment induces the mobilization of iron from mitochondria enabling uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Finally, we showed that DBDS and statins act synergistically to promote ferroptosis and provide evidence that combined treatment is a viable strategy to combat PDA.