Epilepsy is more than a simple seizure disorder: Causal relationships between epilepsy and its comorbidities.
Vet J
; 303: 106061, 2024 02.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38123062
ABSTRACT
This review draws connections between the pathogenesis of canine epilepsy and its most commonly recognised comorbidities cognitive impairment (CI), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviour, fear and anxiety. Uni/bidirectional causalities and the possibility of a common aetiology triggering both epilepsy and the associated diseases are considered. Research on this topic is sparse in dogs, so information has been gathered and assessed from human and laboratory animal studies. Anatomical structures, functional connections, disrupted neurotransmission and neuroinflammatory processes collectively serve as a common foundation for epilepsy and its comorbidities. Specific anatomical structures, especially parts of the limbic system, such as the amygdala and the hippocampus, are involved in generating seizures, as well as cognitive- and behavioural disorders. Furthermore, disturbances in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission influence neuronal excitability and networks, leading to underlying brain dysfunction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and electroencephalography (EEG) have demonstrated functional brain connections that are related to the emergence of both epilepsy and its various comorbidities. Neuroinflammatory processes can either cause or be a consequence of seizures, and inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, can equally evoke mood disorders. The extensive relationships contributing to the development and progression of seizures and comorbid cognitive and behavioural conditions illustrate the complexity of the disease that is epilepsy.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade
/
Doenças do Cão
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Epilepsia
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Vet J
Assunto da revista:
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Alemanha
País de publicação:
Reino Unido