Personality functioning, positive outlook for the future, and simple and complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

ABSTRACT

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its complex form (C-PTSD) are psychopathological conditions that are related to several personality traits. In particular, the current study aims to investigate the associations of impairment of personality functioning (IPF) and positive outlook for the future (POF) with PTSD and C-PTSD. A sample of 304 Brazilian adults responded to an online survey. IPF was measured according to the alternative model for personality disorders, POF was operationalized using optimism and hope scales, and PTSD and C-PTSD were measured using the ICD-11 model. Data analysis included correlation, structural equation models, multivariate analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that IPF and POF were moderately correlated with PTSD and C-PTSD in positive and negative directions, respectively. IPF and POF were more strongly associated with C-PTSD than PTSD. From the categorical approach to psychopathology, IPF and POF were shown to be associated only with C-PTSD. This is the first study that provides empirical data on the association of IPF and POF with both forms of PTSD. Understanding the associations between pathological and resilient personality domains and PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms can support the development of effective interventions.