Impacts of Fulvic Acid on the Toxicity of the Herbicide Atrazine to Lemna minor.

ABSTRACT

Fulvic acids (FA) are environmentally prevalent components of dissolved organic carbon. Little research has evaluated their potential influence on the bioavailability of herbicides to non-target aquatic plants. This study evaluated the potential impacts of FA on the bioavailability of atrazine (ATZ) to the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Plants were exposed to 0, 15, 30, 60, 125, and 750 µg/L ATZ in media containing three FA concentrations (0, 5, and 15 mg/L) in a factorial study under static conditions. Fronds were counted after 7- and 14-days exposure and intrinsic growth rates (IGR) and total frond yields were calculated for analysis. Atrazine NOAECs and LOAECs within each FA treatment series (0, 5, or 15 mg/L) were identified and EC50s were estimated. NOAEC/LOAECs for yield and IGR were 60/125 µg/L except for yield in the 0 mg/L-FA series (30/60) and IGR in the 5 mg/L-FA series (30/60). NOAEC/LOAECs were 30/60 µg/L for all treatments and both endpoints after 14 days exposure. EC50s ranged from 88.2 to 106.1 µg/L (frond production 7 DAT), 158.0-186.0 µg/L (IGR, 7 DAT), 74.7-86.3 µg/L (frond production, 14 DAT), and 144.1-151.3 µg/L (IGR, 14 DAT). FA concentrations did not influence the toxicity of ATZ.