AIE-ESIPT Photoluminescent Probe Based on 3-(3-Hydroxypyridin-2-yl)isoquinolin-4-ol for the Detection of Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide.

ABSTRACT

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) molecules, which feature large Stokes shifts to avoid self-absorption, play an essential role in photoluminescent bioimaging probes. Herein, we report the development of an ESIPT molecule 3-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)isoquinolin-4-ol (PiQ). PiQ not only undergoes a distinct ESIPT process unlike the symmetrical 2,2'-bipyridyl-3,3'-diol but also exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. PiQ self-assembles into aggregates with an average size of 241.0 ± 51.9 nm in aqueous solutions, leading to significantly enhanced photoluminescence. On the basis of the ESIPT and AIE characteristics of PiQ, the latter is functionalized with a hydrogen peroxide-responsive 4-pinacoratoborylbenzyl group (B) and a carboxylesterase-responsive acetyl group (A) to produce a photoluminescent probe B-PiQ-A. The potential of PiQ for applications in bioimaging and chemical sensing is underscored by its efficient detection of both endogenous and exogenous hydrogen peroxide in living cells.