Per2 mediated steroid hormone synthesis by regulating transcription of StAR in porcine granulosa cells.

ABSTRACT

Steroidogenesis is associated with circadian clock genes. However, the regulation of steroid hormone production in sow granulosal cells by Per2, a crucial circadian regulator, remains unexplored. In this study, we have identified the presence of Per2 in ovarian granulosa cells and have observed its circadian expression pattern. Employing siRNA to interfere with Per2 expression, our investigation revealed that Per2 knockdown notably elevated progesterone (P4) levels along with increasing the expression of StAR but interference of Per2 did not alter the rhythm of clock-related gene (Bmal1, Clock, Per1 and Cry1) in granulosa cells. Subsequent mechanistic analysis showed that Per2 formed complexes with PPARγ and interference with Per2 promoted the formation of the PPARγRXRα heterodimer. Importantly, we uncovered that PPARγRXRα heterodimer could control the expression of StAR via direct peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) binding to its promoter to regulate its activity, and knockdown of Per2 promoted the transcription of StAR via increasing the binding of PPARγRXRα ligands. Altogether, these findings indicated a noncanonical role of Per2 in controlling PPARγRXRα binding to regulate transcription of StAR and progesterone synthesis, thus revealing potential avenues of pharmacological and therapeutic intervention.