Gender-Specific Risk Factors for Asymmetric Bone Density in Adult Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Hounsfield Unit (HU) value on the vertebral bone mineral density associated with adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis (ADLS) and to compare the HU and coronal height changes of the lumbar spine on the concave and convex sides. The secondary aim was to investigate the risk factors for increased asymmetric ratio of HU (ARH) by concave-to-convex. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 74 patients aged ≥50 years were retrospectively reviewed. The height and the HU values of the region of interest were measured and compared. Multiple linear regression and gender-stratified analyses were performed to explore risk factors. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visually assess the dose-effect relationship between the Cobb angle and ARH. RESULTS The heights on the concave sides were significantly lower while HU values were significantly higher than that of the convex side. Cobb angle (95% CI 0.001 to 0.009, P=0.034) was positively correlated with the increased ARH, while apex orientation to the right (95% CI -0.152 to -0.013, P=0.022) was negatively associated. Gender-stratified analyses showed age and apex vertebrae location are 2 additional risk factors in male patients but not in female patients. Cobb angle was identified by RCS as a risk factor both in males and females and the inflection points were 15 and 17.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HU values on the concave side are significantly higher than on the convex side, showing the asymmetrical bone mass distribution of ADLS patients. Several gender-related risk factors for increased ARH have been identified.