Factors associated with non-specific low back pain in field hockey: A cross-sectional study of Premier and Division One players.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which various factors are associated with greater or lesser odds of reporting non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) in field hockey. METHODS: To meet the objective of the study, a cross-sectional study design was used with a purposive sampling strategy. A total of 194 responses (~18% of those accessible) from Premier and Division One players within the UK were received using a UK-based online survey. Data collected included information on NS-LBP, participant characteristics, injury history, training related factors, and work and personal factors. The overall and category-specific prevalence of NS-LBP was calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used in conjunction with clinical value to identify associations. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of NS-LBP was 44.0%, with this varying from 23.5 to 70.0% for categories with responses of "yes" and "no" to experiencing NS-LBP. A total of ten individual factors associated with a greater odds ratio (OR) of reporting NS-LBP (OR = 1.43-7.39) were identified in Premier and Division One players. Five individual factors were associated with reduced odds (OR = 0.11-0.60) of reporting NS-LBP. Seven factors (age, stature, playing position, playing internationally, performing a drag flick, low back stiffness/tightness and occupational factors) were deemed particularly pertinent to those working in field hockey given the magnitude of association and clinical value to clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians working in field hockey can consider the key risk factors identified in this study that are associated with NS-LBP when assessing injury risk, movement screening approaches, and overall athlete management.