Studies on the conservation and sustainability challenges of the wetland resources of the Baro-Akobo River Basin in Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz regions, Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT

In this study, the water quality of the Baro-Akobo River Basin in Ethiopia was comprehensively assessed. Key parameters including temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and ion concentrations such as K+, Ca2+, Na+, NO3 -, NO2 -, PO4 3-, CO3 2-, HCO3 -, and NH4 +were measured using standard methods, alongside sampling of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and fish. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were sampled using Hydrobios nets with mesh sizes of 30 µm and 55 µm, respectively, while macroinvertebrates were collected via the kicking method. Results indicated generally alkaline pH levels and elevated turbidity, but acceptable levels of dissolved oxygen and ion concentrations according to WHO and FAO guidelines. Moreover, the study suggests that the wetlands in Gambella and Benishangul-Gumz regions are currently in good condition, providing valuable insights for the conservation and sustainable management of Ethiopia's water resources, ensuring their conservation for both present and future generations. Local authorities can use the study's findings to implement remedial measures to protect water quality and biodiversity in the regions.