[Infusion constituents in pediatric anesthesia]. / Apporti infusionali in anestesia pediatrica.

ABSTRACT

A suitable perioperative fluid therapy during paediatric anaesthesia presupposes a valuation of renal function and the preoperative fluid and electrolyte imbalance, a precise knowledge of fluid requirements and the physiological stress responses to surgery in different paediatric groups. Fluid administration must be suited to the pathology of the patients and surgical approach. It must replace the deficits from the preoperative status (including fasting), provide maintenance fluid and correct intraoperative translocated fluids and blood loss. Fluid management requires reduced hypotonic solution in order to prevent hyponatremia and avoid excessive amount of glucose which can be harmful. In order to prevent the dangers from blood transfusions you need to estimate the intraoperative loss and follow the "acceptable hematocrit" values. Rational intraoperative fluid management reduces perioperative morbidity and mortality.