Cancer incidence and mortality, 1973-1995: a report card for the U.S.

BACKGROUND: The American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention including the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) agreed to produce together an annual "Report Card" to the nation on progress related to cancer prevention and control in the U.S. METHODS: This report provides average annual percent changes in incidence and mortality during 1973-1990 and 1990-1995, plus age-adjusted cancer incidence and death rates for whites, blacks, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Information on newly diagnosed cancer cases is based on data collected by NCI, and information on cancer deaths is based on underlying causes of death as reported to NCHS. RESULTS: For all sites combined, cancer incidence rates decreased on average 0.7% per year during 1990-1995 (P > 0.05), in contrast to an increasing trend in earlier years. Among the ten leading cancer incidence sites, a similar reversal in trends was apparent for the cancers of the lung, prostate, colon/rectum, urinary bladder, and leukemia; female breast cancer incidence rates increased significantly during 1973-1990 but were level during 1990-1995. Cancer death rates for all sites combined decreased on average 0.5% per year during 1990-1995 (P < 0.05) after significantly increasing 0.4% per year during 1973-1990. Death rates for the four major cancers (lung, female breast, prostate, and colon/rectum) decreased significantly during 1990-1995. CONCLUSIONS: These apparent successes are encouraging and signal the need to maximize cancer control efforts in the future so that even greater in-roads in reducing the cancer burden in the population are achieved.